Knitted products



July 29, 1969 MlLLAR 3,457,737

KNITTED PRODUCTS Original Filed July 10, 1963 4 sheets sheet 1 3 2 2 mgm-JMR UU 9 S n INVENTOR. JOHN J. MILLAR BY 1 f V KZ Lg 14v -Z1 ATTORNEYS FIG. 2.

E July 1969 J. J. MILLAR 3,457,737

KNITTED PRODUCTS Original Filed July 10. 1963 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 F l G. 4.

F l G. 5.

INVENTOR. JOHN J. M ILLAR ATTORNEYS y 1969 J. J. MILLAR 3,457,737

KNITTED PRODUCTS Original Filed July 10, 1963 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR. JOHN J. MILLAR ATTORNEY Original Filed July 10 1963 J. J. MILLAR KNITTED PRODUCTS Sheets-Sheet 4.

FIG. IO.

INVENTOR.

JOHN J. MILLAR fl TORNE S United States Patent 3,457,737 KNITTED PRODUCTS John J. Millar, Laconia, N.II., assignor, by mesne assignments, to Scott 8; Williams, Incorporated, Laconia, N.H., a corporation of Delaware Original application July 10, 1963, Ser. No. 294,075. Divided and this application Sept. 1, 1966, Ser. No. 576,725

Int. Cl. D04!) 9/46, 9/56 US. Cl. 66-473 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A stocking is provided including a circumferential multiple-course band above the knee or in its foot portion, or in both places, which band comprises two coursewise related areas. One of said areas comprises successive courses formed of two yarns, each such course including only single yarn stitches. The other area comprises single yarn stitches formed of the two yarns in successive courses, and plain stitches each of which contains both of said two yarns so that said second area includes in a round of knitting interspersed stitch structures of the two types last mentioned.

This application is a division of application Ser. No. 294,075, filed July 10, 1963.

This invention relates to knitted products, the products being primarily ladies hosiery.

The object of the present invention may be stated broadly to be the formation of fabric areas in circular knitting which are more extensible walewise than adjacent circumferentially related areas to provide extensibility of portions of stockings. The objects may be best made clear by citing two situations to which the invention is particularly applicable.

First is the matter of producing a ladies stocking giving rise to relief of the strain which is normally imposed by the bending of the knee of the wearer. Circular knit ladies stockings at present are essentially tubes and in the portion from the welt to the heel region are produced as such with modification by changes of stitch length to provide some shaping which is then accentuated and set by boarding operations. Nevertheless, as worn, the upper portion of the stocking is essentially uniform throughout any circumference and consequently when worn and drawn up tightly by garters the flexing of the knee produces a tightening over the knee with relative slackening at the rear. In accordance with the present invention, the stocking is knitted with greater walewise length, for a given number of courses, at the front thereof as compared with the rear so that less stress is imparted Walewise to the front portion of the stocking as the knee is flexed. The knitting structure for producing this is not produced at the knee but preferably where it will not show as, for example, in the general location of the so-called conventional shadow welt beneath the welt proper of the stocking. Though so located, it provides the extra fabric for the relief of tension or stress as the knee is flexed. In accordance with the invention, the front of the special region is knit in conventional two-feed fashion, while the rear is knit with two feed wales interspersed with wales of loops which individually contain yarn from both feeds, these being produced by delayed cast otf of loops from one of a pair of feeds. So far as this aspect of the invention is "ice concerned, the other portions of the stocking may be conventionally knit, and the stocking may, for example, be provided with the usual heel and toe pockets produced by reciprocatory knitting.

A second use of the invention has to do with stockings which are knit by continuous rotary knitting forming tubes which vary from uniform cylinders essentially only in variations of diameter produced by the changing of stitch size and/or by the incorporation of reinforced areas. Stockings are produced from tubes so knit by closing ends of the tubes by stitching with trimming off of excess material. In such stockings the sewed seam is located lengthwise below the foot. By boarding with considerable stretch of the fabric heel and toe pockets are produced, though solely by distortion of the fabric, the distortions being effectively permanent by reason of the heat setting of thermoplastic yarns such as nylon. Reinforcement of the heel, sole and toe regions is sometimes produced by introducing reinforcing yarn in partial courses, floats being cut out by a separate operation.

The stockings as last produced generally have the objection that the toe end of the seam may appear in front of the toes or even thereabove unless the boarding is carried out to displace this end of the seam below the toes. But such boarding involves undue stretching of the instep portion of the stocking.

In accordance with the present invention, the same type of stitch structure as previously mentioned is provided to form the foot portion of the stocking. The fabric which will form the instep is relatively slack and hence when the boarding is carried out this fabric may be pulled freely forwardly and downwardly around the toe region with resultant location of the forward end of the longitudinal seam well under the toe portion. The slack also relieves the stresses which are involved in the boarding in produciion of the heel portion of the stocking. Furthermore, there is a concentration of yarn by reason of the double thread loops giving rise to a denser fabric in the heel and sole portions of the stocking serving better to withstand wear. The reinforcement thus provided does not necessarily include the incorporation of extra yarn in partial courses and hence there may be avoided the trimming of floats. v I V The objects of the invention have to do with the foregoing and, along with more detailed objects, will become apparent from the following description, read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in whichf FIGURE 1 is a developed view of needle and jack operating cams and other elements provided in accord ance with the invention, there being shown, and described hereafter, only such elements as take part in operations in accordance with the invention, other elements being omitted or only sketchily shown, there being also indicated at the right of this figure various of the elements rotating with the needle cylinder;

FiGURE 2 is a fragmentary section taken on the axial plane indicated at 2-2 in FIGURE 1;

FIGURE 3 is a plan view of the sinker cap of the machine, partially broken away to show sinker controlling cams;

FIGURE 4 is an axial section taken on the plane indicated at 44 in FIGURE 3 and showing operation involving an ordinary sinker;

FIGURE 5 is a section on the same plane but show-. ing operation of a special sinker;

FIGURE 6 is a diagram illustrating the arrangement of needle butts;

FIGURE 7 is a conventionalized elevation of a stocking tube as produced on the machine in accordance with the invention;

FIGURE 8 is a diagrammatic elevation of a completed stocking formed from the tube of FIGURE 7 as it appears after heat-setting on a preboarding form;

FIGURE 9 illustrates the stocking as it appears when worn; and

FIGURE 10 is a diagram illustrating in a formalized fashion the stitch structure involved in the special areas provided in accordance with the invention, the diagram showing the stocking as viewed from the inside thereof.

Referring first to FIGURE 1, there are shown at the right thereof a conventional needle 2 provided with a butt 4, the needle cylinder 6 provided with slots in which the needles move, an intermediate jack 8 and a pattern jack 10, the jacks being located in the cylinder slots beneath their respective needles. As pointed out above, the invention may be applied to the formation of two portions of a stocking and, so far as the first portion is concerned, i.e., the special structure adjacent to the welt, the stocking might be formed by both rotary and reciprocatory knitting, the latter being for the formation of heel and toe pockets. The camming which will be described is shown as consistent with knitting by reciprocatory operation. However, for consistency of description, stress will be particularly given to the knitting of a stocking by rotary knitting throughout, this merely involving reduced functioning or nonfunctioning of some of the machine parts. The invention is, of course, applicable either to machines in which the cylinder rotates and/or reciprocates or to machines in which the cylinder is stationary and the operating cams rotate and/r reciprocate. The butts 4 of the needles are differentiated in length as will be more fully brought out hereafter. The pattern jacks are generally conventional and are provided with the selectively removable butts 12 and the lower butts 14 which may take part in the formation of patterns in conventional fashion which need not be described. Butts 16 may also be provided on certain of the jacks either for patterning or for other special operations such as the avoidance of eyelets during yarn changes as set forth, for example, in the application of John J. Millar and John A. Currier, Ser. No. 165,379, filed Jan. 10, 1962 now Patent No. 3,260,072. Each pattern jack 10 is of the usual pivoted type provided with a fulcrum 18.

Sinke rs of the type indicated at 20 cooperate with the needles in the usual fashion, but the machine is also provided with special sinkers 20' alternating with the conventional sinkers 20 in the arrangement about the machine, the special sinkers being referred to in greater detail hereafter.

The camming of the machine is, except for minor changes, conventional and need not be described in full detail. If the machine is to be used for the formation of heel and toe pockets of hosiery, the usual picking devices (not shown) may be provided, and conventional driving means may control the selective rotation and reciprocation of the needle cylinder. Various adjusting devices for stitch size may also be provided in conventional fashion. Referring, now, to those elements which are concerned With the achievement of the objects of the invention, the usual reverse stitch cam is shown at 22 serving, as usual, for the clearing of needles during the rotary knitting which will be described, the needle cylinder rotating counterclockwise so that the needle paths are from the right to the left in FIGURE 1. The usual center cam 24 is followed by the main feed stitch cam 26. This cam is radially movable and conventional except for the provision of a groove 28 crossing it horizontally above the lowermost point of the stitch cam. This groove is more clearly illustrated in FIGURE 2. The groove is at a level between tuck level and the lowermost level achieved by the needle butts. As will appear hereafter, it is only the upper wall of groove 28 which functions, and, accordingly, the lower wall may be cut away down to the lowermost point of the stitch cam leaving only a horizontal ledge on the stitch cam corresponding to the upper wall of the groove. Cams 30 and 32 serve to raise the needles after they pass the stitch cam 26, cam 32 raising the needles to tuck height. A clearing cam 33 is provided, operating as hereafter described. At the auxiliary feed there are the stitch earns 34 and 36 arranged to depress the needles. Beyond the cam 36 there is the cam 38 to raise the needles to tuck level. Arranged to engage the butts 16 of the pattern jacks is the cam 40 Which is followed by the cam 41 arranged to act on the butts of the intermediate jacks 8 to effect lowering of both the intermediate jacks and the pattern jacks. Various other cams are outlined in FIGURE 1 but are completely conventional, taking part in patterning and/or heel and toe formation, if the latter are to be produced by reciprocatory knitting, and these cams need not be specially described.

The main feed point of the machine is indicated generally at 42 and, as usual, there are provided at this feed point yarn feeding fingers selectively active, there being shown only the active finger 44 which feeds the main yarn M used in two-feed knitting of the leg and foot of a stocking. This yarn, as usual, passes to the needles from the throat 46 in the latch ring. The auxiliary feed point is indicated generally at 48 and shows the active yarn finger 50 for the auxiliary yarn A which is used to form intermediate courses in the leg and foot, this yarn being fed from the throat 52 to the needles. Conventional clamping and cutting means are, of course, provided to hold and cut the yarns fed at both feeds.

Continuing description of the machine parts, reference may be made to FIGURE 3 which shows the sinker cap 54 located above the usual sinker dial and carrying the cams for operating on the sinkers to effect their radial movements. The sinker cams are generally conventional and need not be described except for those special ones which are involved in carrying out the invention. Beyond the position of drawing of stitches at the main feed there is the cam 56 engageable with sinker butts, there being indicated at 58 the conventional cam which limits inward movement of the sinkers. This cam, in accordance with the invention is provided with an undercut portion 60 providing for special inward movements of the special sinkers hereafter described.

A slide 62 mounted in a groove in the sinker cap for radial movement is provided with an inner cam portion 64. Its outer downtuined'end is tapped to receive a limiting stop screw 72 engageable with the portion 55 of the sinker cap, this screw being held in adjusted position by a lock nut 74. The movability of the cam portion 64 may be provided for other purposes than those of the present invention, but so far as the present objects are concerned, this cam functions as described hereafter in connection with FIGURE 5.

FIGURE 4 illustrates a conventional sinker 20 which is typical of alternate sinkers of the machine associated with one group of needles and all of the sinkers associated with another group. Each of the sinkers 20 is provided with the usual neb 78 projecting over the ledge 80 over which stitches are drawn. A vertical edge 82 is provided behind the neb 78 and has a reduced spacing from this neb as brought out more fully hereafter. Each sinker is provided with the operating butt 84 which may be acted upon by cam 56 if the sinker is not moved inwardly by spring band 76 and which butt ordinarily engages the cam 58.

FIGURE 5 illustrates one of the special sinkers 20' which alternate with sinkers 20 in association with a group of needles. The sinker 20' is provided with the neb 86 and the ledge 88 the same as the regular sinkers 20. However, there is provided spaced from the neb 86 the edge 90 which is arranged to be acted upon by the cam 64 to provide special inward movements of the sinkers 20'. It will be noted that the spacing of the edge 90 from the neb 86 is greater than the spacing of the edge 82 from the neb 78 of a regular sinker 20.

The butt 92 of each of the special sinkers 20' is short, so that, as illustrated in FIGURE 5, it may pass below the outermost edge of the cam 58 and into the recess 60. As will appear hereafter, loops are drawn at the main feed over the ledges 80 of the conventional sinkers in usual fashion. In some alternatives of knitting the loops may be drawn at the main feed over the ledges 88 of the special sinkers; but in the description which follows, it will be seen that the stitches during certain operations will be drawn over the tops of the nebs 86 of these sinkers 20.

Conventional cams (not shown) impart to both types of sinkers the same wave at the auxiliary feedpoint to provide drawing of stitches thereat over the sinker ledges 80 and 88.

The arrangement of needle butts 4 is illustrated in FIGURE 6.

With respect to their 'butt lengths the needles are divided into the groups 94 and 96. The extents of these groups are arbitrary but they will be described consistently with the illustrated fabric. The butts 102 of the group 94 may be referred to as long butts and might, for example, have a 0.338 inch length. Regular sinkers are associated with the needles of this group 94 in conventional fashion.

The butts of the group 96 alternate and comprise the intermediate butts 108, which may have lengths of 0.270 inch, and short butts 110 which, for example, may have a length of 0.210 inch. These butt lengths are, of course, arbitrary, but serve for purposes of illustration. In a 400 needle machine there may be, typically, 160 needles in the group 96. Associated with the needles of this group are sinkers of both types 20 and 20' in alternation.

The stitch cam 26 and the clearing cam 33 are both movable by conventional pattern control means, and the controls need not be specially described. The sinker cam 64 moves concurrently with the stitch cam 26; when the latter is moved outwardly, the "former is moved inwardly.

Before considering operation, reference may be made to FIGURE 7 whichillustrates .a typical product produced by the machine, assuming that it is to be used for rotary knitting throughout the formation of the stocking blank. To be knitfirst is the welt w which is produced two feed and, as usual, may involve the feeding at both feeds of somewhat heavier yarns than those used for the sheer portions of the fabric. This welt may be of the usual turned type involving use of conventional dial elements for holding and transferring loops. Following the termination of the welt, yarn changes may be provided at both feeds with substitution of lighter yarns either suitable for leg and instep formation of somewhat heavier yarns if a shadow welt is to be produced. If desired some courses of conventional two-feed knitting may be produced. Following this, or immediately following the welt, there is rotary knitting of special areas in accordance with the invention to provide the stress-relieving region below the welt accommodating flexure of the knee of the wearer. This starts at j and terminates at m. The portion n extending about the front of the'stocking is knit two-feed with alternate courses of yarns of the respective feeds and, as will be described, is formed on the needles of the group 94. The area k, formed on needles of the group 96, has special stitches as will be brought out later. Following the termination of this region at m the leg I is knit two-feed with variations of stitch size in conventional fashion to produce shaping. This operation continues through the ankle region to the beginning at 0 of the heel region. Knitting again takes place as above indicated producing the area p'corresponding to n and the area q corresponding to k, these areas as illustrated being formed on the same groups of needles as previously mentioned.

At 1' another transition takes place, the area s being knit two-feed with plain stitches as in the leg I.

A stocking is formed from the blank by stitching the blank along the line indicated at z, with simultaneous trimming of the excess fabric indicated below this line. This stitching extends above a few terminal courses indicated at y provided to insure a firm hold of the stitches.

The final stocking is then preboarded in conventional fashion. The appearance at and after preboarding is illustrated in FIGURE 8. The extent of the seam z is indicated. The forward end t of the seam, it will be noted, is located on the form and at its edge well below the tip of the toe and the heat setting produces a permanent deformation of the fabric so that this seam end remains below the toe. The rear end it of the seam is located in front of the heel portion.

FIGURE 9 shows the stocking as it appears on the leg of the wearer. The seam z extends longitudinally below the center of the foot and terminates forwardly below the toes. The upper portion of the stocking is shown deflected as it would be when worn with the knee flexed. While shaping of the top edges of the portion q is not actually effected in knitting, the final result of the preboarding is the existence of a shaped heel due to the stretching of the fabric. It may be here noted that while for purposes of explanation the boundaries between areas are indicated by heavier lines, actually no streaks are produced between the areas and I, nor between the areas I and p, the courses in these areas being identically knit as will more fully appear hereafter.

The two feed knitting of the welt and leg regions may now be described, these two regions being knit in the same fashion except for the possible differences in yarns used. Reference may be made to FIGURE 10 in addition to the other figures showing the mechanical elements. Stitch cam 26 and clearing cam 33 are located in full inward positions so as to ergage the butts of all of the needles which, accordingly, follow the same path.

As illustrated in FIGURE 1, the needles having been cleared by the reverse stitch cam 22 engage the center cam 24 and pass beneath it along the path a being then fully depressed by the stitch cam 26 along the path 0 taking the main yarn M and casting off previously formed stitches. The needles then rise over earns 30 and 32 to tuck level. They are further raised along path e by clearing cam 33 which effects clearing of the latches and are then depressed by cams 34 and 36 along the path g to take yarn A at the auxiliary feed. They are then raised by cam 38 to the tuck level path It, later engaging cam 22 to be cleared thereby and reenter the phases already described. As will be evident, two feed knitting is thus produced as indicated in the courses 120 and 122 of FIG- URE 10. Since the cam 64 is withdrawn, all of the sinkers follow the same path and stitches are drawn over the ledges of all of them.

Next there may be considered the formation of the region consisting of the areas k and n. Cams 26 and 33 are now partially withdrawn and cam 64 is moved inwardly. When the short butts pass down the cam 26 they may enter the slot 28 passing along the path b. The long and intermediate butts rise over cam 33 along path e for latch clearing.

In view of this, the needles of the group-94 continue to produce two feed knitting as previously described for the formation of the pairs of courses 124 and 126, 128 and 130, and 132 and 134. Since sinkers 20, not acted on by cam 64, are associated with the needles of group 94, the stitch formation is as in the welt and if the sameyarns were used no change in appearance of the two feed knitting would result. (This is not here important, but it is so in the transition from leg to instep knitting.)

A different stitch formation is produced by the needles of the group 96. In FIGURE 10 the wales B and D are produced by the short butt needles 110 while the wales C and E are produced by the intermediate butt needles 108. Considering a short butt needle, this will pass down the cams 24 and 26 after clearing over the cam 22 and will take yarn M at the main feed. But it will pass along the path b through the groove 28, being lowered insufficiently to cast off a previous stitch. Drawing of a new stitch is over the ledge 80 of an adjacent sinker but over the neb 86 of the adjacent sinker 20 due to the action of arm 64 in projecting the sinkers 20 abnormally inwardly. Each short butt needle then rises over cam 32 to tuck height and passes without engagement the cam 33 and is lowered by cam 36 to take in its hook the auxiliary yarn A. By the action of cam 36 it is lowered along path g and now casts off the previous stitch located below its latch, but now drawing fully a composite loop of both yarns M and A. It then rises to the tuck level at h by passing over cam 38 and is later cleared by cam 22. The result of this is the formation of the double yarn loop such as 136.

The intermediate butt needles 108, on the other hand, follow the same path as previously described, passing to the lower end of stitch cam 26 and thus casting off the previous loops. The intermediate butt needles 108 are then cleared by cam 33 with the resultant production in wales such as C and E of two feed loops, 138 of the main yarn and 140 of the auxiliary yarn.

It will now be seen why the extra yarn is provided by the use, alternately, of the sinkers 20' which effect a measuring of yarn to an extra extent to permit, without cutting, the full drawing of loops by the cam 36 at the auxiliary feed. Because at the main feed some needles (intermediate butt) are fully lowered and the others (short butt) are not fully lowered, the average length of yarn drawn would be less than that drawn at the auxiliary feed if the stitches were all drawn over the sinker ledges. By the operation as described the proper amount of yarn is drawn at the main feed to permit the drawing of proper loops at the auxiliary feed. Some robbing of yarn from adjacent stitches takes place in this operation.

Considering FIGURE 10, it will now be seen that the courses 124 and 126 of the area n of the fabric have as continuations a composite type of course indicated at 127 which, in alternate wales, comprises double yarn loops and pairs of successive single loops of the respective main and auxiliary yarn. Similarly the courses 128 and 130 are continued as a composite course 131, and courses 132 and 134 are continued as the composite course 135 to provide the area k of the fabric which is shown as starting at i.

This type of operation is continued through as great a length of the stocking blank as desired. Examination of FIGURE 10 will now make evident that the two feed region n in the front of the stocking blank has a greater length per number of rounds of knitting than the area k at the rear of the blank. Thus the latter is compacted and relatively inextensible lengthwise while the former has extensibility for the relief of stresses as previously indicated. Furthermore, the area k will have a somewhat heavier appearance because of the concentration of more yarn in a given unit area and an aspect of reinforcement is thus present even though the yarns used are only those which form the area n.

Following the formation of the areas n and k, shown as terminated at m in FIGURE 7, two feed knitting is resumed to form the leg and ankle portions of the blank. This is carried out as previously described, the stitch cam 26 and the clearing cam 33 being moved fully inwardly as the needles of group 94 pass these cams, cam 64 being simultaneously withdrawn so that all of the sinkers operate similarly, stitches being drawn over their ledges. The needle cams are moved inwardly during the passage of needles in the groups 94.

The region comprising the areas p and q, starting at 0 and ending at r is knit in the same fashion as the region comprising the areas n and k, the same yarns being used as in the leg. Sinker cam 64 is located in its active position. As will be evident, the instep area p is knit identically with the leg, and being knit of the same yarns, no visible line of demarcation exists between the leg and instep. It will be noted that, although they are knit on the same needles, area q is shown narrower than area k. This is merely due to the fact that the usual fashioning is involved giving an ankle portion of less circumference than the upper leg portion of the stocking.

The stocking blank is completed by restoring two-feed knitting as in the leg throughout complete courses to form the region or area s, the cams 26 and 33 being moved inwardly during the passage of the needles of panel 94 while cam 64 is moved outwardly. In most cases it will be desirable to have the area s match in appearance the area q, so that heavier yarns will be used than those used in the leg and instep knitting. For example, if the leg area I and the areas p and q are knit of 15 denier yarns, the area s may be knit of 30 denier yarns, or heavier yarns of another suitable denier.

As will be evident from the foregoing the areas previously described are produced relatively tight and loose so that the stretching aspects already described are achieved. In particular these permit .preboarding as detailed above to throw the seam beneath the foot.

Conventional patterning mechanism indicated but not detailed and involving jacks 10 may have various functions. It is usually provided to form mesh or resist run patterns involving formations of tucks, floats and held stitches. In particular, selective clearing at the location of cam 33 may be thus effected and, in fact, tucking may be produced in association with the types of stitch formation already mentioned. Additional use of the patterning arrangement is for the prevention of eyelets as described in said Millar and Currier application.

While for consistency of disclosure it has been assumed that for the formation of tighter panels longer (intermediate) butt needles alternate with shorter butt needles, the degree of tightening may be controlled by different arrangements, as, for example, providing in the :panel '96 repeats of needles involving one longer butt and two shorter butts, or involving one longer butt and three shorter butts, or a reverse arrangement in which the repeat may consist of two longer butts and one shorter butt, etc. In general it may be noted that the tightness is increased by increase of repetition of the held loops (formed on the shorter butt needles), and decreased by decreasing the concentration of held loops in favor of more two-feed loop combinations of the type shown in Wales C and E of FIGURE 10.

As already noted, the relief of stress at the knee and the arrangement to provide extensibility of the instep to locate the seam below the foot may be either concurrently or independently involved in stockings. Numerous other variations will be apparent from the foregoing and it will be understood that the invention is not to be regarded as limited except as required by the following claims.

What is claimed is:

1. A circular knit product comprising a circumferential multiple-course band of knitting comprising two coursewise related areas, one of said areas comprising successive courses formed of at least two yarns, of which each course comprises only single yarn stitches, and the other area comprising, as parts thereof, single yarn stitches formed of said two yarns in successive courses, and plain stitches each of which contains both of said two yarns, so that said second area includes in a round of knitting interspersed stitch structures of the two types last men- 4. A circular knit stocking according to claim 2 in which said band of knitting is located at the foot portion of the stocking with the second area located at the bottom of said foot portion.

5. A circular knit stocking according to claim 4 in which the foot of the stocking is closed by a seam extending longitudinally of the bottom of said foot portion.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 10 Nebel 66185 York et -al. 66178 Knohl 66185 Nebcl.

FOREIGN PATENTS France.

Great Britain. Great Britain. Great Britain. Italy.

WM. CARTER REYNOLDS, Primary Examiner US. Cl. X.R.

Nebel 66 185 15 186, 189 

